The third article by Günther Kletetschka of the Institute of Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics at the Faculty of Science, Charles University, and the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, has just been published. In this paper, the author further develops his concept of three-dimensional time – the idea that time has three independent axes, and space has only one dimension, in contrast to the traditional view of three spatial dimensions and one temporal dimension. According to this concept, time is primary, while three-dimensional space as we perceive it evolves as a secondary projection.
In his second article, the author defines electric charge as a topological property of spacetime: it arises from the winding of temporal configurations within the newly defined multi-time environment. The first paper in the series shows that it has potential to reproduce the known particle masses (such as the electron, muon, and quarks), which distinguishes it from previous speculative theories of multiple time dimensions.
Kletetschka’s new concept preserves causality, meaning that causes precede effects, even under conditions with multiple time axes. In doing so, it builds a bridge toward compatibility with current physical theories.
The significance of this approach lies in two main aspects. First, it offers a unified interpretation of some long-standing open problems (such as why exactly three generations of particles exist, how to unify quantum mechanics with gravity, or what constitutes dark energy). Second, it provides new guidance for testing hypotheses through concrete predictions (for example, modified gravitational wave propagation, distinctive neutrino oscillations, or specific dark energy evolution), transforming a theoretical construct into a potentially experimentally verifiable theory.
This work thus represents another step in a bold line of thought that challenges conventional understandings of space, time, and physical laws. Whatever its ultimate outcome, it drives science back to the fundamental question: what is the true underlying structure of reality?
For more information, see Kletetschka's video lecture: Time as Three-Dimensional - A New Perspective on Physical Reality
Published scientific papers:
- Kletetschka, G. (2025). Three-Dimensional Time: A Mathematical Framework for Fundamental Physics. Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences, 9, 2550004. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2424942425500045
- Kletetschka, G. (2025). Charge as a Topological Property in Three-Dimensional Time. Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences, 9, 2550007. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2424942425500070
- Kletetschka, G. (2025). Three-Dimensional Time and One-Dimensional Space: A Basic Reformulation of Physical Reality. Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences, 9, 2550014. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2424942425500148