Günther Kletetschka from the Institute of Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics from the Faculty of Science, Charles University, proposed a revolutionary theory of three-dimensional time, which presents electric charge as a topological property of temporal space. This approach explains charge quantization and conservation from a purely geometric perspective.
In the latest publications by Günther Kletetschka, published this year, a revolutionary concept of three-dimensional time is introduced. This approach provides a new perspective on the origin of electric charge, interpreting it as a topological property of temporal space. In his studies, Kletetschka demonstrates that electric charge results from the twisting of temporal configurations within a three-dimensional time continuum, enabling a deeper understanding of charge quantization, fractional values, and the conservation laws of electromagnetic interaction.
Through this model, charge is defined as a "temporal winding"—a topological invariant arising from the curvature of temporal space. This concept naturally explains why particles across three generations carry identical charges despite differences in mass. Electric charge is linked to the topological properties of temporal space, while mass is determined by the wave equation characteristics defined within this multi-temporal continuum.
Kletetschka's theory also brings a new perspective on the structure of the universe, where three temporal dimensions allow for the connection of quantum phenomena, medium-scale interactions, and cosmological processes. This approach opens up new possibilities for testing physical theories in fields such as quantum gravity, dark matter structure, and the properties of elementary particles.
Link to the original articles:
Kletetschka, G. (2025). Three-Dimensional Time: A Mathematical Framework for Fundamental Physics. Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences, 9, 2550004. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2424942425500045
KLETETSCHKA, Gunther. Charge as a Topological Property in Three-Dimensional Time. Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology [online]. 2025 [cit. 2025-06-16]. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.1142/S2424942425500070